Metallicity Troubles Secular Cosmologists

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People who have been reading this weblog for a spell know that I emphasize definitions, as people can argue with each other about different subjects with the same name. Something that is strange to me is that metals mean something different to astronomers than to the rest of us: Anything heavier than an the atomic weight of helium is a metal.

Now that we know, we can see something amazing. Most stars are overwhelmingly composed of hydrogen and helium. Secular cosmology has a story about the origins of metals that does not work.

Nebula W51, NASA / JPL-Caltech (usage does not imply endorsement of site contents)
One of the latest threats to the Big Bang story is distant galaxies, and metals are also problematic. Metals are found in stars by using spectroscopes. Different elements have different signatures in the light. Our sun is like the other stars in the universe, and also nebulae, by having only trace amounts of those other elements. Earth, however, has numerous elements and stands out. But then, Earth was created before the stars (Gen. 1:1, 1:16).

The secular science industry is hitched up with the Big Bang idea. They have to make their cosmic evolution stories work, and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was supposed to find stars that are supposed to exist, but do not. Instead, biblical creation is supported and secular cosmology fails by both Scripture and observed science.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.  It is the lightest element, consisting of one proton encircled by one electron.  About 91% of the atoms in the universe are hydrogen.  Helium is the next most abundant.  It is the second-lightest element, consisting of two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus, encircled by two electrons.  Helium constitutes just under 9% of the atoms in the universe.  All the remaining elements combined constitute less than 1%.  Astronomers refer to these heavier elements as metals.  In astronomy, a metal is any element with an atomic number higher than 2.  So metals include elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.  Metals pose a serious challenge for advocates of the big bang and secular models of galaxy evolution.  But they are a feature and natural expectation of biblical creation.

You can read the rest of this very interesting article by visiting "Metallicity: A Problem for Secular Cosmology."